[中英文对照]二十四节气
二十四节气 The 24 Solar Terms 立春 Spring begins. 雨水 The rains. 惊蛰 Insects awaken. 春分 Vernal Equinox 清明 Clear and bright. 谷雨 Grain rain. 立夏 Summer begins. 小满 Grain buds. 芒种 Grain in ear. 夏至 Summer solstice. 小暑 Slight heat. 大暑 Great heat. 立秋 Autumn begins. 处暑 Stopping the heat. 白露 White dews. 秋分 Autumn Equinox. 寒露 Cold dews. 霜降 Hoar-frost falls. 立冬 Winter begins. 小雪 Light snow. 大雪 Heavy snow. 冬至 Winter Solstice. 小寒 Slight cold. 大寒 Great cold
二十四节气的来历
二十四节气起源于黄河流域。远在春秋时代,就定出仲春、仲夏、仲秋和仲冬等四个节气。以后不断地改进与完善,到秦汉年间,二十四节气已完全确立。公元前104年,由邓平等制定的《太初历》,正式把二十四节气订于历法,明确了二十四节气的天文位置。 太阳从黄经零度起,沿黄经每运行15度所经历的时日称为“一个节气”。每年运行360度,共经历24个节气,每月2个。其中,每月第一个节气为“节气”,即:立春、惊蛰、清明、立夏、芒种、小暑、立秋、白露、寒露、立冬、大雪和小寒等12个节气;每月的第二个节气为“中气”,即:雨水、春分、谷雨、小满、夏至、大暑、处暑、秋分、霜降、小雪、冬至和大寒等12个节气。“节气” 和“中气”交替出现,各历时15天,现在人们已经把“节气”和“中气”统称为“节气”。 二十四节气反映了太阳的周年视运动,所以节气在现行的公历中日期基本固定,上半年在6日、21日,下半年在8日、23日,前后不差1~2天。 为了便于记忆,人们编出了二十四节气歌诀:
二十四节气歌
春雨惊春清谷天,夏满芒夏暑相连, 秋处露秋寒霜降,冬雪雪冬小大寒。
二十四节气七言诗
地球绕着太阳转,绕完一圈是一年。 一年分成十二月,二十四节紧相连。 按照公历来推算,每月两气不改变。 上半年是六、甘一,下半年逢八、甘三。 这些就是交节日,有差不过一两天。 二十四节有先后,下列口诀记心间: 一月小寒接大寒,二月立春雨水连; 惊蛰春分在三月,清明谷雨四月天; 五月立夏和小满,六月芒种夏至连; 七月大暑和小暑,立秋处暑八月间; 九月白露接秋分,寒露霜降十月全; 立冬小雪十一月,大雪冬至迎新年。 抓紧季节忙生产,种收及时保丰年。
随着中国历法的外传,二十四节气已流传到世界许多地方。
立春:立是开始的意思,立春就是春季的开始。 雨水:降雨开始,雨量渐增。 惊蛰:蛰是藏的意思。惊蛰是指春雷乍动,惊醒了蛰伏在土中冬眠的动物。 春分:分是平分的意思。春分表示昼夜平分。 清明:天气晴朗,草木繁茂。 谷雨:雨生百谷。雨量充足而及时,谷类作物能茁壮成长。 立夏:夏季的开始。 小满:麦类等夏熟作物籽粒开始饱满。 芒种:麦类等有芒作物成熟。 夏至:炎热的夏天来临。 小暑:暑是炎热的意思。小暑就是气候开始炎热。 大署:一年中最热的时候。 立秋:秋季的开始。 处暑:处是终止、躲藏的意思。处暑是表示炎热的暑天结束。 白露:天气转凉,露凝而白。 秋分:昼夜平分。 寒露:露水以寒,将要结冰。 霜降:天气渐冷,开始有霜。 立冬:冬季的开始。 小雪:开始下雪。 大雪:降雪量增多,地面可能积雪。 冬至:寒冷的冬天来临。 小寒:气候开始寒冷。 大寒:一年中最冷的时候。
The Twenty-Four Terms
The first fifteen days of the Chinese lunar month makes the first term, namely:
Beginning of Spring usually starting from the fourth or fifth of Febrary. And the first day is the Chinese New Year's Day or the onset of the Spring Festival. Incidentally, the New Year's Day of 1995 is January 31st. The second fifteen days are named:
Rain Water from the nineteeth or twentieth of Febrary, a time when rainy seasons are setting in. In order come the following terms:
Waking of Insects from the fifth or sixth of March, as the earth awakes from hibernation; Spring Equinox from the twentieth or twenty-first of March; Pure Brightness from the fourth or fifth of April; Grain Rain from the twentieth or twenty-first of April; Beginning of Summer from the fifth or sixth of May; Grain Full from the twentieth or twenty-first of May; Grain in Ear from the fifth or sixth of June; Summer Solstice from the twenty-first or second of June; Slight Heat from the sixth or seventh of July; Great Heat from the twenty-second or third of July; Beginning of Autumn from the seventh or eighth of August; Limit of Heat from the twenty-third or fourth of August; White Dew from the seventh or eighth of September; Autumnal Equinox from the twenty-third or fourth of September; Cold Dew from the eighth or nineth of October; Frost's Descent from the twentieth-three or fourth of October; Beginning of Winter from the seventh or eighth of November; Slight Snow from the twenty-second or third of November; Great Snow from the seventh or eighth of December; Winter Solstice from the twenty-second or third of December; Slight Cold from the fifth or sixth of January; and lastly Great Cold from the twentieth or twenty-first of January which brings the 24-term cycle to an end. On the Chinese Calendar, you will also find terminology like Tian Gan and Di Zhi (Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch), a peculiar Chinese way of marking the years in a sixty-year cycle. There is also a system that marks the years in a twelve-year cycle, naming each of them after an animal such as Rat, Ox, Tiger, Hare, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and Boar. BTW, I was born in the year of Sheep.
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