Marsha09
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Not just anyone, anywhere, in any
organization can make breakthrough change By By Paul C. Light Summer 2009 From Stanford Social Innovation Review: http://www.ssireview.org/articles/entry/social_entrepreneurship_revisited/ Social entrepreneurship is one of the most alluring terms on the problem-solving landscape today, and is in use even in the new Obama administration. The President is quite familiar with the term and has embraced a first-of-its-kind investment fund for social entrepreneurship. The question is not whether social entrepreneurship is a term in good currency, but what it actually means. This question motivated my three-year search for social entrepreneurship, which was funded by the Skoll and Ewing Marion Kauff man foundations. Ashoka founder and CEO Bill Drayton first used the term “social entrepreneurship” in the early 1980s, and it continues to inspire images of audacious social change—the kind that sweeps away the old approaches to solving intractable social problems such as disease, hunger, and poverty. Like business entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship involves a wave of creative destruction that remakes society. Although we will always need traditional social services— even more during times of great economic turmoil—social entrepreneurship focuses on changing the underlying dynamics that create the demand for services in the first place. Instead of treating society’s distress, social entrepreneurship holds hope for eliminating the distress altogether. Although people generally agree on this broad definition of social entrepreneurship, confusion reigns over the specifics. Some observers believe that the social entrepreneur himself or herself is the linchpin of change, whereas others focus on the idea, the opportunity for change, or the organization that provides the muscle for scaling up to maximum effect. But which one of these four components comes first? Which one is most important for imagining change, launching an idea, accelerating diffusion, and sustaining impact long enough to create a wave of creative destruction? The answer depends largely on the assumptions underlying one’s notion of social entrepreneurship. My own journey through this thicket of assumptions began with an article I published in the fall 2006 Stanford Social Innovation Review, titled “Reshaping Social Entrepreneurship.” In that article, I argued for an inclusive, big-tent definition of the term social entrepreneurship that acknowledged the small contributions of many people, groups, and organizations. Since that time, though, I have drilled through hundreds of articles and books on social and business entrepreneurship, and I have surveyed 131 highly, moderately, and not-too-entrepreneurial organizations. And I discovered that many of the assumptions that I rejected in 2006 turned out to be true after all. Whereas I once believed that virtually everyone could become a social entrepreneur, I am now convinced that there are special sets of attitudes, skills, and practices that make social entrepreneurs and their work distinctive from more traditional public service. As a result, I have become much more concerned about how we can identify potential social entrepreneurs, give them the training and support they need, and increase the odds that their work will succeed. NEW INSIGHTS Here are four assumptions about social entrepreneurship that I initially rejected, but now accept: Social entrepreneurs are not like other high achievers. I initially rejected the notion that social entrepreneurs bring unique motives,behaviors, and insights to the socially entrepreneurial process. I assumed, wrongly, that they are deflected into social entrepreneurship by the same kinds of opportunities that exist for any pattern-breaking enterprise. My research suggests otherwise. Social entrepreneurs appear to make quite deliberate decisions to solve social problems, rather than simply stumbling into their work by accident or circumstance. They are often quite sober about their decision to attack a social problem, and they usually understand the consequences of challenging the status quo. I also find that social entrepreneurs are driven by a persistent, almost unshakable optimism. They persevere in large part because they truly believe that they will succeed in spite of messages to the contrary. This optimism can border on overconfidence, but is essential to their 24/7 commitment. Socially entrepreneurial ideas are big. There is considerable debate about the proper scale of socially entrepreneurial ambition. Some argue that small-scale change is just as important as global intent, whereas others res 阅读全文>> |
7/10/2009 3:06:00 AM []
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 导读：随着年龄的增大，肌肤开始渐渐呈现老化，变得松驰，皱纹爬上了脸庞，衰老的恐惧也越来越近。谁都想留住年轻的时光，那从现在开始，抗击肌肤老化，留住青春岁月，延缓皱纹的到来时间吧。  检视皮肤老化6现象</STRONG> 当您的皮肤开始出现下列情形时，那就代表是皮肤已有老化的现象： 1.皮肤较易干燥，而有鳞屑产生。 2.皮肤弹性变差，皮肤变薄，出现皱纹。局部脂肪层堆积 (如眼袋 )骨头吸收变形 (人中至下巴的距离变短)，前发向后移动，而使得额头较为宽广。 3.头发渐渐变灰白。 4.皮脂腺活力减低，分泌减少。 5.长出色素斑。 6.皮肤受伤后复原变慢，而且较容易发生瘀青。 [Page:]  除非皮肤对阳光十分敏感，否则不必用更高系数的产品。在保养品方面也要慎选，一般而言，皮肤角质层中的水份必须占10%以上，才会看起来正常。良好的保养品需能防止皮肤水份丧失、吸收大 |
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老了。懒了，累了，困了，烦了……</SPAN>很长时间没有写文章了。也不是没的可写，只是有心无力。 这几天发生了不少大大小小的事情。只有一个字“累”～ 昨天下午费劲千辛万苦从家逃离出来去地坛体育馆打球了～感叹真不容易啊！！！ 真是幸运～正好在地坛举办什么拉丁舞大赛，真是赚了～饱了眼福了～ 没劲！不想写了～就到这吧～ |
