Wray065
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五、How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages？
答： 1、Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance： (查理曼的文艺复兴) ① He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800. ② Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne‘s name in Latin， Carolus. The most interesting facet (一面) of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle (有见解) of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate (吸收) the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture. 2、Alfred the Great and Wes*** Centre of Learning： (阿尔伏雷德大帝和威克萨斯王国) ① He promoted (奖励) translations into the vernacular from Latin works. ② He also inspired (授意) the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. (编年史) 3、St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism： (经院主义，保守主义的雏形) 4、Roger Bacon and Experimental Science： (实用主义) ① Roger Bacon， a monk， was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research. (最早的支持者) 亚里士多德最早提出 ② He called for careful observation (观察) and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius. 六、How did literature develop in the middle ages？ 答： 1、 The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature. “National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is， the languages of various national states (民族国家) that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics. 2、Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy： (但丁与神曲) ① His masterpiece， The Divine Comedy， is one of the landmarks of world literature. ② The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed (预示) the spirit of Renaissance. ③ Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin. (只用意大利语创作) 3、Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales： (乔叟与坎特布雷集) ① The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work. ② Most of the tales are written in verse (诗) which reflects(反映) Chaucer‘s innovation (改革) by introducing into the native alliterative verse (压头韵诗) the French and Italian styles. ③ Chaucer is thus to be ， regarded as (被看作) the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.短篇写作第一人 ④ Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages. 七、 What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain？ (重点☆) 答： 1、 The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature. “National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is， the languages of various national states (民族国家) that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics. 2、The vernacular (方言) language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq (地方式俗语) language used in the Mississippi area， with a strong characteristic of that region (地区) .Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue， but also in narration. (叙述) 3、His representative works Life on the Mississippi. 第四章</STRONG> </STRONG> 1、 Renaissance名词解释 Generally speaking， Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. The word “Renaissance” means revival (复兴)， specifically in this period of history， revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance， in essence (从实质上讲)， was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts (试图) to get rid of conservatism (保守主义思想) in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie (资产阶级)， to lift the restrictions (禁忌) in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.(权利威信) 2、 Generally speaking， Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. 3、 Renaissance started in Florence and Venice with the flowering of paintings， sculpture (雕塑) and architecture. 最早开始于painting 4、 Florence was the golden city which gave girth to a whole generation of poets， scholars， artists and sculptors (雕塑家)。 5、 In Renaissance literature of Italy， Petrarch (彼得拉克) was the representative poet. 6、 Intellectuals became closely tied up (息息相关) with the rising bourgeoisie. (人文主义兴起的重要原因 Humanistic ideas to develop) 7、 At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of the greatness of man. (以人为本—人文主义的核心) 8、 Literature： The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in Shakespeare‘s literature. 9、 painting： The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in Da vincci‘s Mona Lisa. 10、Renaissance Art名词解释 A radical (根本的) break with medi (中古的) methods of representing the visible (可见的) world occurred (发生) in Italy during the second half of the 13th century. It was not until the second decade (十年) of the 15th century that there was a decided break with the medi pictorial tradition (田园式风格)。 11、Last Supper adapted from the New Testament of the Bible. 12、Mona Lisa - model wife of a banker. - the ambiguity of the smile. (永恒的微笑) 13、Michelangelo - David - Sistine Chapel (from the First book of the Bible， the Genesis ) - Dying Slave (垂死的奴隶) - Moses (摩西) 14、Raphael was best known for his Madonna. (圣母玛利亚) 15、He painted his Madonnas in different postures (姿势)， against (*) different backgrounds. 16、One of the famous paintings besides the Madonnas is School of Athens (雅典学派)。 Plato and Aristotle engaged (使用) in argument. 17、Titian - The Venus of Urbino (断臂的维纳斯) Man with the Glove (带手套的人) ☆ 18、John Wyclif - translation of the Bible into English for the first time. 19、Jan Hus - Czech - in Czech language 20、Martin Luthe 阅读全文>> |
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夏天一到，暑热难当，“凉菜”便唱了餐桌上的“主角”。今天的两盘凉菜，一盘是咸口的----“凉拌菠菜粉丝”，另一盘是甜口的----“凉拌豆薯胡萝卜丝”。先看这“凉拌菠菜粉丝”： 1、菠菜择好洗净，开水里放少许盐，将菠菜焯烫一下，在凉开水中过凉。 2、粉丝放入加盐的开水中沸煮2分钟，捞出，在凉开水中过凉。 3、挤出菠菜、粉丝中的水，改刀成段。 4、剥3、4粒蒜，用压蒜器制成蒜蓉，备用。 5、在蒜中加入香油、香醋、凉拌醋、鸡精、盐调成料汁，将菠菜、粉丝和调料汁混合拌匀，即成。 “凉拌豆薯胡萝卜丝”的做法就更简单了。将豆薯、胡萝卜洗净擦成丝，拌入少许白砂糖稍稍腌制一下，装盘后，再从上面滴些槐花蜜即成。 豆薯</STRONG>的功用我在博客里写过，不在赘述。下面介绍一下菠菜和胡萝卜的功用。 菠菜</STRONG>是养颜佳品，含有大量的β胡萝卜素和铁。铁对缺铁性贫血有改善作用，能令人面色红润</STRONG>，光彩照人。菠菜叶中含有铬和一种类胰岛素样物质，能使血糖保持稳定</STRONG>。丰富的B族维生素使其能够防止口角炎、夜盲症 |
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这几天一直在忙论文，这回不是应付交差的作业，不是那个说出口都让我脸红的名不副实的论文，而是一篇我真正用心开展了调查、进行了研究的论文。堪称上大学以来的论文初步！ 期中定下选题，做了研究设计，之后忙于GRE，就给抛至脑后了，期末6月10号左右开始发问卷，6月17号收回问卷，从21号到23号就没日没夜、争分夺秒地献身论文事业了，研究学习SPSS软件，整体浏览并局部精读手头仅有的十几本传播学书籍，思考论文构架……为了在24日中午按时交作业，23日晚上熬了一个通宵（第一次为了学习熬通宵），早上就只睡了半个钟头，终于形成了终稿。 真的很感谢孙庚老师，在缺乏人文素养的二外，在芸芸众生凄凄惶惶的新闻系，她是唯一一位秉持学术精神的老师。严谨、求实、低调，让我们在无所适从时还记得有一门学问叫传播学，有一扇窗户叫社会心理学，有一些必经之路叫社会学、政治学、心理学……今天才知道她是东京大学传播学研究所的研究生，怀着对传媒的热情和对日本的向往，她放弃了文化部的工作，赴东京大学深造，毕业后在日本从事公共关系工作近十年，2006年回到国内，成为了二外新闻系的老师。一直都觉得孙老师身世神秘，我们还怀着小人心肠以为她学历不高羞于表露，今 |
