Henry188
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Chapter one: languages ans
linguistics Learning points This chapter deals with two most basic ideas of this field--- the subject of study,the languages, and the branch of the study,linguistics. First, it's important to understand what language is , its design fratures, origin and functions. Then it's also important to understand what linguistics is, the branches of internal linguistics and external linguistics,as well as some major distinctions in linguistics. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. The five important points in this definition are :human , vocal, arbitrary, symbols ,system. 2) The design features of language Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication. They are: (1) Arbitrariness: Arbitrariness is the core feature of language, which means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. Arbitrariness is a matter of degree. (2) Duality: Duality of structure refers to the fact that in all languages so far investigated, one finds two levels lf structure or patterning. At the first, higher level, language is analyzed in terms of combinations of meaningful units (such as morphemes, words etc.);at the second ,lower level, it is seen as a sequence of segments which lack any meaning in themselves , but which combine to form units of meaning . (3) Productivity: Productivity refers to the ability to construct and understand an indefinitely large number of sentences in one’s native language, including those that one has never heard before. Productivity contributes to the duality and excursiveness of language. (4) Displacement: Displacement refers to the fact that one can talk about things that are not present , as easily as he does things present. In other words, one can refer to real and unreal things, things of the past, of the present, of the future. The feature of displacement enables people to abstract and generalize their ideas. (5) Cultural transmission: language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation. The details of the linguistic system must be learned by each speaker. (6) Interchangeability: interchangeability means that any human being can be both a producer and a receiver of messages. 3) Origin of language There are the bow-vow theory, pooh-pooh theory and “yo-he-ho” theory and so on 阅读全文>> |
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</SPAN> </SPAN> 安然</SPAN>：我也喜欢这两道菜，那不是萝卜是土豆。</SPAN> </SPAN> 郁金香</SPAN>：我还是喜欢老北京的蒸茄泥，不是笋干是萝卜干。</SPAN> </SPAN> 红眼白兔子</SPAN>：高兴姐喜欢。</SPAN> </SPAN> 小猪</SPAN>：哈哈我还真没吃过。</SPAN> </SPAN> 清淡的绿茶</SPAN>：别客气。</SPAN> </SPAN> 花生米</SPAN>：江米百合薄荷冰粥，肯定是用江米。</SPAN> </SPAN> 梅子</SPAN>：没做过只是喜欢娃娃菜，茄子吗？还是咱们传统的蒸茄泥好吃。</SPAN> </SPAN> 加加19811110</SPAN></SPAN>：昨跑望京那边吃的远吧，猜的差不多，那锅是鱼籽豆腐不是鸡杂。</SPAN> </SPAN> 昨天朋友聚会送了我一箱有机蔬菜，里面有不少的白不老，炒着吃一顿吃不完，两顿不够决定用来蒸包子吃，今约了徒弟去丰台办事，所以 |
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静!</SPAN> 那不是死一般的静!</SPAN> 仿佛人们都在虔诚的祈祷.</SPAN> 静!</SPAN> 那不是死一般的静!</SPAN> 仿佛一点声响都会亵渎书灵的崇高.</SPAN> 透过玻璃窗,</SPAN> 车水马龙,</SPAN> 人流奔跑.</SPAN> 一切是那么荒唐可笑,</SPAN> 笑?我怎么还可以笑?</SPAN> 心里淌着血还不忘自找!</SPAN> |
